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Pencemaran Kapal Mengancam Ekosistem Laut

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Archipelagotimes.com - Aktivitas pelayaran internasional terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan perdagangan global. Namun, peningkatan jumlah kapal juga membawa risiko pencemaran laut melalui limbah minyak, bahan kimia, emisi udara, hingga sampah plastik yang dibuang dari kapal.

Indonesia berada pada jalur pelayaran tersibuk dunia, termasuk Selat Malaka, Selat Sunda, dan Selat Lombok.

Penelitian tahun 2026 menunjukkan masih terdapat tantangan dalam implementasi Konvensi MARPOL untuk mencegah pencemaran laut akibat aktivitas kapal.

International Maritime Organization (IMO) pada 2026 memperbarui strategi global pengurangan sampah plastik dari kapal dengan target memperkuat pengawasan dan mendorong tercapainya zero plastic pollution from ships menuju 2030.

Selain pencemaran plastik, tumpahan minyak juga menjadi ancaman besar bagi terumbu karang, lamun, dan mangrove. Investigasi internasional menemukan bahwa sebagian besar tumpahan minyak kecil dari kapal tidak pernah dilaporkan kepada otoritas sehingga memperburuk kualitas perairan dunia.

Peningkatan pengawasan pelabuhan, digitalisasi pelaporan limbah kapal, serta penerapan teknologi pemantauan menjadi langkah penting untuk melindungi ekosistem laut Indonesia dari ancaman pencemaran pelayaran.

Sumber:

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2026
Marine Transport Management and Logistics Journal, 2026
The Guardian Investigation, 2025

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